CdT-apxc-historicals

Appendix C Statistics Table C.1. Economic development and the coup d’état, 1945–2010 Table C.2. Basic list of coups and attempted coups, 1945–2010 Table C.3. The efficiency of the coup d’état, 1945–2010: outcome as a function of main party Table C.4. The frequency of the coup d’état: region and time distribution of coup, 1945–2010 Figure C.1. Frequency of coups d’état, 1950–2010 Figure C.2. Proportion of successful vs. failed coups d’état, 1950–2010 Figure C.3. Frequency of coups d’état by region, 1950–2010 (stacked) Figure C.4. Frequency of coups d’état by region, 1950–2010 (unstacked) Figure C.5. Distribution of coups d’état by region, 1945–1965 Figure C.6. Distribution of coups d’état by region, 1966–2010 Table C.1. Economic development and the coup d’état, 1945–2010 Revised and updated by George Schott, August 8, 1978, and Sawyer Blazek, September 8, 2010. Note: All data for the individual countries are from World Development Indicators: 2010 (Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2010); and World Economic Outlook: 2010 (Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2010). Country Per capita gross domestic product figures in USD (2008) Gross domestic product figures in millions of USD (2008) Coup or coup attempt? Date of last successful coup Sub-Saharan Africa Angola $4,713.75 $84,945 Yes — Benin $771.21 $6,680 Yes 1972 Botswana $6,982.20 $13,414 No — Burkina Faso (previously Upper Volta) $521.75 $7,948 Yes 1987 Burundi $114.04 $1,163 Yes 1996 Cameroon $1,225.67 $23,396 Yes — Cape Verde $3,193.14 $1,592 No — Central African Republic $458.17 $1,988 Yes 2003 Chad $769.70 $8,400 Yes 1990 Comoros $823.70 $530 Yes 2001 Congo, Dem. Rep. of (previously Zaire) $181.59 $11,668 Yes 1997 Congo, Rep. of $2,966.16 $10,723 Yes 1997 Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) $1,137.08 $23,414 Yes 1999 Equatorial Guinea $28,102.53 $18,525 Yes 1979 Eritrea $335.69 $1,654 No — Ethiopia $316.98 $25,585 Yes 1991 Gabon $10,036.65 $14,535 Yes — The Gambia $488.58 $811 Yes 1994 Ghana $713.18 $16,653 Yes 1981 Guinea $386.32 $3,799 Yes 2008 Guinea-Bissau $272.69 $429 Yes 2003 Kenya $783.04 $30,355 Yes — Lesotho $791.47 $1,622 Yes 1994 Liberia $222.10 $843 Yes 1994 Madagascar $495.14 $9,463 Yes 2009 Malawi $287.55 $4,269 No — Mali $687.90 $8,740 Yes 1991 Mauritania $888.98 $2,858 Yes 2008 Mauritius $7,345.00 $9,320 No — Mozambique $439.88 $9,846 No — Namibia $4,149.04 $8,837 No — Niger $364.13 $5,354 Yes 2010 Nigeria $1,369.72 $207,118 Yes 1993 Rwanda $458.49 $4,457 Yes 1994 São Tomé & Príncipe $1,090.13 $175 Yes 2003 Sénégal $1,086.99 $13,273 Yes — Seychelles $9,579.74 $833 Yes 1981 Sierra Leone $351.51 $1,954 Yes 1997 Somalia — — Yes 1969 South Africa $5,678.01 $276,445 Yes 1994 Sudan $1,352.59 $55,927 Yes 1989 Swaziland $2,429.24 $2,837 Yes 1973 Tanzania (Tanganyika and Zanzibar) $496.42 $20,490 Yes 1964 Togo $448.78 $2,898 Yes 2005 Uganda $14,326 Yes 1985 Uganda $452.55 $14,326 Yes 1985 Zambia $1,134.20 $14,314 Yes — Zimbabwe $273.99 (2005) $3,418 (2005) No — East Asia and Pacific Brunei Darussalam $30,390.64 (2006) $11,471 (2006) No — Burma — — Yes 1997 Cambodia $711.04 $10,354 Yes 1997 China, People’s Rep. of $3,266.51 $4,327,000 Yes 1976 Fiji $4,252.98 $3,590 Yes 2009 Hong Kong (China) $30,863.00 $215,355 No — Indonesia $2,246.50 $510,730 Yes 1998 Japan $38,454.86 $4,910,840 Yes — Kiribati $1,414.32 $137 No — Korea, Dem. Rep. of — — Yes — Korea, Rep. of $19,114.96 $929,121 Yes 1979 Laos $893.29 $5,543 Yes 1975 Macau (China) $36,249.24 (2007) $18,599 (2007) No — Malaysia $8,209.45 $221,773 Yes 2009 Marshall Islands $2,654.73 $158 No — Micronesia, Federated States of $2,334.39 $258 No — Mongolia $1,990.59 $5,258 No — Palau $8,910.81 $181 No — Papua New Guinea $1,252.73 $8,239 Yes — Philippines $1,847.39 $166,909 Yes 1972 Samoa $2,926.07 $523 No — Singapore $37,597.29 $181,948 No — Solomon Islands $1,262.80 $645 Yes 2000 Thailand $4,042.78 $272,429 Yes 2008 Thailand $4,042.78 $272,429 Yes 2008 Timor-Leste $453.32 $498 Yes — Tonga $2,686.56 $278 No — Vanuatu $2,521.09 $590 Yes — Vietnam $1,051.43 $90,645 Yes 1965 Europe and Central Asia Albania $3,911.47 $12,295 Yes — Armenia $3,872.68 $11,917 No — Azerbaijan $5,314.99 $46,135 Yes 1993 Belarus $6,230.15 $60,313 No — Bosnia & Herzegovina $4,906.18 $18,512 No — Bulgaria $6,545.69 $49,900 No — Croatia $15,636.56 $69,332 No — Cyprus $31,410.00 $24,910 Yes 1974 Czech Republic $20,672.74 $215,500 Yes 1948 Estonia $17,454.35 $23,401 No — Georgia $2,969.92 $12,791 Yes 1992 Greece $2,848.00 $355,876 Yes 1973 Hungary $15,408.01 $154,668 No — Kazakhstan $8,513.11 $133,442 No — Kosovo, Rep. of $3,035.23 $5,664 No — Kyrgyz Republic $958.44 $5,059 Yes 2010 Latvia $14,908.30 $33,784 No — Lithuania $14,097.54 $47,341 No — FYR Macedonia $4,664.30 $9,521 No — Moldova $1,693.78 $6,047 No — Montenegro $7,859.27 $4,891 Yes 1989 Poland $13,845.38 $527,866 Yes 1981 Portugal $22,923.00 $243,497 Yes 1974 Romania $9,299.74 $200,071 Yes 1989 Russian Federation (previously USSR) $11,831.52 $1,679,480 Yes 1993 Serbia $6,810.83 $50,061 No — Slovak Republic $18,211.64 $98,463 Yes 1948 Slovenia $27,018.60 $54,613 No — Tajikistan $751.01 $5,134 No — Turkey $9,941.96 $734,853 Yes 1980 Turkmenistan $3,038.96 $15,327 No — Ukraine $3,898.87 $180,355 No — Uzbekistan $1,022.71 $27,934 No — Latin America and Caribbean Argentina $8,235.71 $328,465 Yes 1976 Belize $4,218.26 $1,359 No — Bolivia $1,720.04 $16,674 Yes 1980 Brazil $8,205.13 $1,575,150 Yes 1964 Chile $10,084.42 $169,458 Yes 1973 Colombia $5,415.55 $243,765 Yes 1957 Costa Rica $6,564.02 $29,664 No — Cuba — — Yes 1959 Dominica $4,882.80 $357 Yes — Dominican Republic $4,575.70 $45,541 Yes 1965 Ecuador $4,056.39 $54,686 Yes 2005 El Salvador $3,605.30 $22,115 Yes 1979 Grenada $6,161.99 $638 Yes 1983 Guatemala $2,848.37 $38,983 Yes 1983 Guyana $1,513.32 $1,155 No — Haiti $729.47 $7,205 Yes 2004 Honduras $1,823.14 $13,343 Yes 2009 Jamaica $5,438.48 $14,614 No — Mexico $10,231.53 $1,088,130 No — Nicaragua $1,163.22 $6,592 Yes 1979 Panama $6,792.91 $23,088 Yes 1968 Paraguay $2,561.27 $15,977 Yes 1989 Peru $4,477.25 $129,109 Yes 1992 Suriname $5,888.09 $3,033 Yes 1990 Trinidad & Tobago $18,108.21 $24,145 Yes — Uruguay $9,653.77 $32,186 Yes 1973 Venezuela, Bolivarian Rep. of $11,245.76 $314,150 Yes 1948 Middle East and North Africa Algeria $4,845.18 $166,545 Yes 1992 Bahrain $28,240.48 $21,903 Yes — Djibouti $1,029.96 $875 Yes — Egypt $1,990.53 $162,283 Yes 1952 Iran $4,027.79 (2007) $286,058 (2007) Yes 1953 Iraq $2,845.06 $86,525 Yes 1968 Israel $27,651.80 $202,101 No — Israel $27,651.80 $202,101 No — Jordan $3,595.92 $21,238 No — Kuwait $54,260.08 $148,024 No — Lebanon $6,978.06 $29,264 Yes — Libya $14,802.20 $93,168 Yes 1969 Malta $18,209.38 (2007) $7,449 (2007) No — Morocco $2,768.74 $88,883 Yes — Oman $15,272.89 (2007) $41,638 (2007) Yes 1970 Qatar $62,451.14 (2007) $71,041 (2007) Yes 1995 Saudi Arabia $19,021.60 $468,800 No — Syria $2,682.26 $55,204 Yes 1970 Tunisia $3,902.96 $40,309 Yes 1987 United Arab Emirates $45,530.92 (2007)

$198,693 (2007) Yes — West Bank & Gaza Strip $1,123.41 (2005) $4,016 (2005) No — Yemen $1,159.64 $26,576 Yes 1978 South Asia Afghanistan $366.08 $10,624 Yes 1979 Bangladesh $497.21 $79,554 Yes 1982 Bhutan $1,868.68 $1,283 No — India $1,016.85 $1,159,170 No — Maldives $4,134.93 $1,261 Yes 1975 Nepal $437.87 $12,615 Yes 2005 Pakistan $990.53 $164,539 Yes 1999 Sri Lanka $2,012.52 $40,565 Yes — Table C.2. Basic list of coups and attempted coups, 1945–2010 Revised and updated by George Schott, August 8, 1978, and Sawyer Blazek, September 8, 2010. Country and date Main party Outcome Sub-Saharan Africa Angola October 27, 1974 army faction failed May 27, 1977 army faction failed Benin October 28, 1963 army faction successful December 22, 1965 army faction successful December 17, 1967 army faction successful July 12, 1969 army faction failed October 21, 1969 army faction failed December 10, 1969 army faction successful February 28, 1972 army faction failed October 26, 1972 army faction successful January 21, 1975 army and political faction failed October 18, 1975 political faction failed January 16, 1977 foreign-supported faction failed March 26, 1988 army faction failed May 1992 political faction failed November 15, 1995 army faction failed Botswana — — — Burkina Faso (previously Upper Volta) January 3, 1966 army faction successful November 25, 1980 army faction successful November 7, 1982 army faction successful August 4, 1983 army faction successful October 15, 1987 army and political faction successful Burundi October 19, 1965 army and political faction failed July 8, 1966 prince and army faction successful November 28, 1966 prime minister and army faction successful November 1, 1976 army and tribal faction successful September 3, 1987 army faction successful March 4, 1992 political faction failed July 3, 1993 army and political faction failed October 21, 1993 army faction failed April 25, 1994 army faction failed July 25, 1996 army faction successful April 18, 2001 army faction failed July 22, 2001 army faction failed Cameroon April 6, 1984 army faction failed Cape Verde — — — Central African Republic December 22, 1965 army faction successful January 1, 1966 army faction successful April 12, 1969 army faction failed July 12, 1974 army faction failed September 21, 1979 political faction successful September 1, 1981 army faction successful March 3, 1982 army faction failed May 18, 1996 army faction failed May 28, 2001 army and political faction failed March 15, 2003 army faction successful Chad August 26, 1971 foreign-supported faction failed April 13, 1975 army faction successful April 13, 1976 political faction failed March 31, 1977 army and tribal faction failed June 7, 1982 army and political faction and foreign mercenaries successful April 1, 1989 army faction failed December 1, 1990 army faction successful October 13, 1991 army faction failed February 21, 1992 army faction failed June 18, 1992 army faction failed January 27, 1993 army faction failed May 16, 2004 army faction failed March 14, 2006 army and political faction failed April 16, 2006 army faction failed February 2, 2008 army faction failed Comoros August 3, 1975 army and political faction successful June 4, 1977 army and political faction and foreign mercenaries failed May 13, 1978 foreign mercenaries successful February 14, 1981 army and political faction failed November 25, 1981 political faction failed March 8, 1985 army faction failed August 8, 1985 army and political faction failed November 30, 1987 army and political faction failed November 26, 1989 army and foreign mercenaries successful August 3, 1991 army and political faction failed September 26, 1992 army faction failed September 27, 1995 foreign mercenaries failed April 30, 1999 army faction successful March 21, 2000 army and political faction failed November 4, 2000 army faction failed August 9, 2001 army faction successful December 19, 2001 army faction failed February 12, 2003 army and political faction failed February 12, 2003 army and political faction failed Congo, Dem. Rep. of (previously Zaire) September 14, 1960 political faction successful November 25, 1965 army faction successful May 30, 1966 political faction failed May 19, 1997 rebel faction and foreign troops successful January 16, 2001 presidential guard failed March 28, 2004 army faction failed June 11, 2004 army faction failed Congo, Rep. of August 15, 1963 army and labor unions successful June 28–29, 1966 army and tribal faction failed August 3–31, 1968 army faction successful September 4, 1968 army faction successful November 8, 1969 army faction failed March 23, 1970 army faction failed February 22, 1972 left-wing army faction failed March 18, 1977 army faction failed October 15, 1997 political faction successful Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) July 23, 1991 army faction failed December 24, 1999 army faction successful September 19, 2002 army and political faction failed Equatorial Guinea March 5, 1969 army and political faction failed August 3, 1979 political faction successful April 10, 1981 political faction failed May 11, 1983 army faction failed July 19, 1986 political faction failed March 4, 2004 foreign mercenaries failed Eritrea — — — Ethiopia December 13–17, 1960 army faction failed September 12, 1974 elements from three services successful November 22–24, 1974 faction in ruling Military Council successful February 3, 1977 faction in ruling Military Council failed May 16, 1989 faction in ruling Military Council failed May 28, 1991 rebel faction successful Gabon February 18, 1964 army faction failed The Gambia July 29, 1981 left-wing political faction failed July 23, 1994 army faction successful November 10, 1994 army faction failed January 27, 1995 army faction failed Ghana February 24, 1966 army faction successful April 17, 1967 army faction failed January 13, 1972 army faction successful January 15, 1972 army faction failed July 5, 1978 army faction successful May 15, 1979 army faction failed June 4, 1979 army faction successful December 13, 1981 army faction successful November 23, 1982 army faction failed June 19, 1983 army faction failed Guinea November 22, 1970 foreign-supported faction failed May 13, 1976 army and political faction failed April 3, 1984 army faction successful July 4, 1985 army faction failed February 2, 1996 army faction failed December 23, 2008 army faction successful Guinea-Bissau November 14, 1980 army faction successful June 9, 1998 army faction failed May 7, 1999 army faction successful September 14, 2003 army faction successful October 6, 2004 army faction failed May 25, 2005 political faction failed August 8, 2008 army faction failed June 5, 2009 army and political faction failed Kenya August 1, 1982 army faction failed Lesotho January 30, 1970 political faction successful January 15–20, 1986 army faction successful February 21, 1990 army faction successful April 29–30, 1991 army faction successful June 7, 1991 army faction failed August 17, 1994 political faction successful September 18, 1998 army faction failed Liberia April 12, 1980 army faction successful April 14, 1980 army faction failed May 18, 1980 army faction failed November 12, 1985 army faction failed September 7, 1994 political faction successful September 15, 1994 army faction failed Madagascar April 1, 1971 left-wing army faction failed May 18, 1972 political faction successful February 5–12, 1975 army faction successful May 13, 1992 political faction failed May 13, 1992 political faction failed November 18, 2006 army faction failed March 16–17, 2009 army and political faction successful April 18, 2010 army faction failed Malawi — — — Mali November 19, 1968 army faction successful April 7, 1971 army faction failed March 25, 1991 army faction successful July 14, 1991 army faction failed Mauritania July 10, 1978 army faction successful June 3, 1979 army faction successful January 4, 1980 army faction successful March 16, 1981 army faction failed February 6, 1982 army faction failed December 12, 1984 army faction successful June 9, 2003 army faction failed August 3, 2005 army faction successful August 6, 2008 army faction successful Mauritius — — — Mozambique — — — Namibia — — — Niger April 15, 1974 army faction successful August 2, 1975 army and political faction failed March 15, 1976 army faction failed October 5, 1983 army faction failed January 27, 1996 army faction successful April 9, 1999 army faction successful February 18, 2010 army faction successful Nigeria January 15, 1966 army faction successful July 29, 1966 northern army faction successful July 29, 1975 army faction successful February 13, 1976 army faction failed December 31, 1983 army faction successful August 27, 1985 army faction successful April 22, 1990 army faction failed November 17, 1993 army faction successful Rwanda July 5, 1973 army and police faction successful April 6, 1994 army faction successful São Tomé & Príncipe São Tomé & Príncipe July 16, 2003 army faction successful Sénégal — — — Seychelles June 5, 1977 police and political faction successful November 25, 1981 foreign mercenaries failed Sierra Leone March 23, 1967 army faction successful April 18, 1968 army faction successful March 23, 1971 army faction failed March 23, 1987 political faction failed April 30, 1992 army faction successful December 28, 1992 army faction failed October 2, 1995 army faction failed January 16, 1996 army faction successful September 8, 1996 army faction failed May 25, 1997 army faction successful Somalia December 10, 1961 political faction failed October 21, 1969 army and police faction successful April 21, 1970 army and political faction failed May 25, 1971 army and political faction failed April 9, 1978 army faction failed January 26, 1991 rebel faction successful South Africa September 24, 1987 (Transkei) army faction successful December 30, 1987 (Transkei) army faction successful February 10, 1988 (Bophuthatswana) political faction failed March 4, 1990 (Ciskei) army faction successful April 5, 1990 (Venda) army faction successful November 22, 1990 (Transkei) rebel army faction failed February 9, 1991 (Ciskei) army faction failed March 10–11, 1994 (Bophuthatswana) political faction failed March 22, 1994 (Ciskei) police faction successful Sudan August 18, 1955 army and tribal faction failed November 17, 1958 army faction successful March 4, 1959 army faction failed April 21, 1959 army faction failed December 28, 1966 left-wing army faction failed May 25, 1969 left-wing army faction successful July 19–22, 1971 left-wing army faction failed September 5, 1975 army faction failed July 2, 1976 army faction failed February 2, 1977 air force faction failed April 6, 1985 army faction successful September 25, 1985 army faction failed September 25, 1985 army faction failed June 30, 1989 army faction successful April 23, 1990 army faction failed Swaziland April 12, 1973 political faction successful September 1, 1984 army and political faction failed Tanzania January 12, 1964 (Zanzibar) political faction successful January 20, 1964 (Tanganyika) troop mutiny failed Togo January 13, 1963 army and tribal faction successful July 4, 1964 army faction failed November 21–22, 1966 political faction failed January 13, 1967 general’s faction in army successful August 8, 1970 army and political faction failed September 23, 1986 army and political faction failed August 26, 1991 army faction failed October 1, 1991 army faction failed November 28, 1991 army faction failed December 3, 1991 rebel faction failed February 6, 2005 army and political faction successful Uganda January 23, 1964 troop mutiny failed January 25, 1971 army and police faction successful March 23, 1974 army faction failed September 9, 1974 army faction failed May 12, 1980 army faction successful July 27, 1985 army faction successful Zambia October 16, 1980 army and political faction failed June 25, 1990 army faction failed October 28, 1997 army faction failed Zimbabwe — — — East Asia and Pacific Brunei Darussalam — — — Burma September 26, 1958 army faction successful March 2, 1962 elements from three services successfu