Engineering the disposable diaper - Works in Progress Magazine



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How Britain built a system where cargo-dependent nations pay rent forever. And why that system is finally cracking.

Why Spain has the world’s greatest cities

In fiction as well as in real life, counterfeiters have always been portrayed as master forgers and artists who reproduced banknotes with as...
What drives information markets, and why the transformer is unlike the telegraph, ticker, and terminal

Historian Jon Peterson traces the route from Prussian military headquarters to Gary Gygax’s basement.

Widely referred to as the queen of textiles in the ancient world, silk helped to transform ancient China in myriad ways.

How the Soviet Union inverted the logic of empire, and why it explains everything Russia does today.

Newcastle upon Tyne is best known for its proud history of industry, its football club, and its vibrant nightlife. Many people who walk the busy streets of the Toon, are unfamiliar with its dark history: real life witch trials, public executions, and of course, the terrifying…

Since 1960, the world has lost hundreds of languages — and gained thousands.
Toki Pona has only 120 words. None of them change form, in any way, in any context. The grammar is nearly the bare minimum — specified word order, and a few particles to denote a predicate, a direct object, subordination, negation. Interpreting any utterance takes a lot of context clues, or a lot…

As we’ve noted more than a few times before, for most of the 20th century AT&T’s Bell Labs was the premier industrial research lab in the US.

The bane of sailors for centuries, scurvy is a disease that has caused immense suffering, even to the present day.

The genetic disorder that turns the body into an iron trap

A huge treasure trove of songs and interviews recorded by the legendary folklorist Alan Lomax from the 1940s into the 1990s has been digitized and made available online for free listening.

In the wake of the Cold War, some Soviet bloc spies decided their fake American lives weren’t so bad.

An experiment in language change

Juan Pujol García was one of the rare individuals whose participation in World War II made him a Member of the Order of the British Empire and earned him the Iron Cross. He gained that unlikely distinction in perhaps the riskiest of all roles in espionage, that of a double agent.

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A forgotten deportation, a family archive, and the cost of belonging.

Learn about Queen Nzingha’s fierce leadership, her resistance against Portuguese colonization, and her legacy in African history.

How gypsum changed construction

The grammatical features of the Creole language known as Hawaiian Pidgin tell us of a society built on the efforts of its multicultural workforce.
Blade Runner (1982) is a magnificent film, but there’s something odd about it. The heroine, Rachael, seems to be a beautiful young woman. In reality, she’s a piece of technology — an organic robot …
The toilet-paper principle suggests that we should be paying as much attention to the cheapest technologies as to the most sophisticated.
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Espresso is neither bean nor roast. It is a method of pressurized coffee brewing that ensures speedy delivery, and it has birthed a whole culture.

With a history of expansion, struggle, and scandal, Eswatini’s monarchy continues to make headlines.

Sixty years after a team of American and Indian climbers abandoned a plutonium-powered generator on the slopes of Nanda Devi, one of the world's most forbidding Himalayan peaks, the U.S. government still refuses to acknowledge that the mission ever happened. The device, a…

The rise and fall of yogh

According to scientists, written languages appeared some 5,500 years ago. And from these myriads of ancient tongues, these five produced the biggest impact.


The early history of the United States runs along with the first years of the railroad.

Read on and discover five non-Abrahamic World Religions to better understand yourself and the world you live in.

South-up maps are challenging traditional views of the Earth—and the political and cultural beliefs that go with them.

Nearly 70 percent of Americans believe in angels, at least according to a statistic often cited in recent years. But what, exactly, comes to their minds — or those of any other believers around the world — when they imagine one?

I review a fascinating dissertation on interwar metals trading and the "Age of Alloy Steel"

In the 15th and 16th centuries, the desire to expand and control the spice trade was one of the driving forces behind the Age of Exploration.

How did underwater shells from the Maldives become an instrumental form of currency in the Transatlantic Slave Trade?

From scandal to staple: how the fork travelled from Byzantium to Lithuania, helped by Queen Bona Sforza and centuries of changing table manners.

In the 1970s, the radical leftwing German terrorist organisation may have spread fear through public acts of violence – but its inner workings were characterised by vanity and incompetence

The Battle of Ad Decimum in 533 CE marked Byzantium’s victorious return to Africa, defeating the Vandals and restoring Roman rule in Carthage.

Why so far north? So cold? Why not on a big river or a coast? Why the biggest city in Europe? Why the capital of the biggest country on Earth?
The jukebox got its start earlier than you might think, but it truly became iconic when rock 'n' roll took over in the 1950s

France built forty nuclear reactors in a decade. Here's what the world can learn from it.

Why are archaeologists constructing a thirteenth-century fortress in the forests of France?

The snail may leave a trail of slime behind him, but a little slime will do a man no harm... whilst if you dance with dragons, you must expect to burn. - George R. R. Martin, The Mystery Knight As any Game of Thrones fan knows, being a knight has its downsides.
Hans Luther was the principled and respected president of the Reichsbank—but he wouldn’t accede to Hitler’s demands.

The Mongols are known for their brutality when it came to warfare. But just how brutal were they?

A review of Collapse: The Fall of the Soviet Union, by Vladislav Zubok

From a dying adviser to a clumsy editorial, the Revolution was a cascade of accidents and oversights.