supply-chain

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2026-10-11 · substack.com

Mining

Colorado has the two US mines dedicated to molybdenum. Molybdenum is a metal used mainly as an alloying agent in cast iron, steel and superalloys. Henderson is an underground mine that opened in 1976. The ore travels to the mill on a conveyor 15 miles long, and ten of those…

2026-10-03 · substack.com

Frontier | Winston (@frontiermap)

One Army plant in Kingsport, Tennessee, is the only US manufacturer of the military explosives RDX and HMX. The plant, Holston, supplies most of the explosives used in US bombs, missiles and artillery shells. In 1980 five US plants could make about 119 million pounds of RDX a…

2026-09-18 · substack.com

Antimony

Three countries mine about 85% of the world's antimony: China, Russia and Tajikistan. The United States imports 91% of what it uses, more than half of it from China, which banned antimony exports to the US in December 2024. The metal goes into ammunition, lead-acid batteries and…

2026-09-18 · wattfactory.substack.com

The Variety Trap

Why Margins Collapse Where Product Variety Explodes, And How Assembly Can Win Them Back

In much of the West, the importance of these close relationships was lost, with competitive bidding and more transactional relationships becoming the norm.
In this model, vertical integration is not about owning everything. It is about owning the layers of the stack where outsourcing would slow learning, limit final integration or affect product performance.
2026-09-18 · substack.com

Barge capacity

One 15-barge tow on the lower Mississippi holds about 875,000 bushels of grain, the load of almost 216 rail cars or 1,000 trucks. Source: USDA Agricultural Marketing Service: https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/ReliableWaterwaySystem042025.pdf

2026-04-30 · open.substack.com

How an Oil Refinery Works

Though wind and solar continue to carve out larger and larger shares of world energy supply, the modern world still runs on petroleum, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.

We can look at the relative complexity of different US refineries using the Nelson Complexity Index, which is intended to measure how complex a refinery is
average complexity index was 8.7